Close 1" · Normal 1" · Loose 1" — nominal + 1/64" / 1/32" / 1/16" to the nearest standard drill (common shop practice).
Close 1" · Normal 1" · Loose 1" — nominal + 1/64" / 1/32" / 1/16" to the nearest standard drill (common shop practice).
Tightening torque estimate
Target preload is 75% of proof load; torque is estimated from T = K · F · d.
Grade / class
Stress area
Preload
Torque
SAE Grade 2
2.7706 in²
114289 lbf
3810 lb·ft · 45716 lb·in
SAE Grade 5
2.7706 in²
176628 lbf
5888 lb·ft · 70651 lb·in
SAE Grade 8
2.7706 in²
249358 lbf
8312 lb·ft · 99743 lb·in
These figures assume a nut factor of K = 0.20 (dry / as-received steel). K captures thread and head friction and can swing torque by 30% or more — a lubricated joint needs noticeably less. Change the lubrication assumption in the bolt-torque calculator.
What tap drill do I need for 2-8 UN?
For a 2-8 UN thread, drill the hole with a 1" tap drill (25.4 mm) before tapping. That produces roughly 616% thread engagement, the usual target for a strong, tappable hole. The mating bolt has a major diameter of 50.8 mm and a pitch of 3.175 mm (8 TPI).
To pass a 2-8 UN bolt through a part rather than thread it, use a clearance hole: Close 1" · Normal 1" · Loose 1" — nominal + 1/64" / 1/32" / 1/16" to the nearest standard drill (common shop practice)..
All values are generated from the standard thread formulas (ISO 68-1 / ASME B1.1) and published standard tables — not hand-entered. See the full reference.